Triangular
Trade |
Middle Passage |
auction |
plantation |
The transatlantic trade that
carried in the 17th and 18th centuries manufactured merchandises from
Europe to
West Africa, then slaves from Africa to America and cash crops (sugar,
tobacco,
cotton …) from America to Europe. |
The stage of the
triangular
trade in which millions of people from Africa were shipped to the New
World, as
part of the Atlantic slave trade. |
A public sale upon which goods are
sold for the highest price offered. In slave auctions, people were sold
as
slaves to other people; families were split up and sold to different
owners. |
A large
artificially established farm or estate, where crops
are grown for sale, often in distant markets rather than for local
on-site
consumption. Crops grown on plantations include cotton, coffee,
tobacco, sugar cane... |
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Field slaves |
House slaves |
Whipping |
Shackles |
Slaves who did the
hard manual labor in the fields of plantations. They commonly picked
cotton,
sugar, rice and tobacco. The conditions for field slaves were a lot
worse than
house slaves. |
Slaves who worked
and often lived in the house of the slave-owner. House slaves had
various
duties such as cooking, cleaning, serving meals and caring for children. |
Corporal punishment
inflicted with the repeated blows of a whip or strap or rope. Synonyms:
flogging,
lashing… |
A
kind of physical restraint used on the feet or ankles to allow walking
but
prevent running and kicking. Synonym: fetters. |
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Runaway slaves |
Fugitive slave laws |
Underground Railroad |
Civil War |
Slaves who escaped
from their master to travel to a place where slavery was banned or
illegal.
Many went to northern territories including Pennsylvania and
Massachusetts and,
after the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was passed, had to leave the
country,
traveling to Canada or Mexico. |
Laws passed by the
United States Congress in 1793 and 1850 to provide for the return of
slaves who
escaped from one state into another state or territory. |
A network of secret
routes and safe houses used by 19th-century black slaves in the United
States
to escape to free states and Canada with the aid of abolitionists. |
(1861–1865): In response to
the election of Abraham Lincoln as President, 11 southern slave states
declared
their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate
States of
America ("the Confederacy"); the other 25 states supported the
federal government ("the Union"). After four years of warfare, mostly
within the Southern states, the Confederacy surrendered and slavery was
outlawed everywhere in the nation. |
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