Anglais > grammaire > groupe nominal > Adjectifs = Adjectives
Un adjectif est généralement un mot qui précise le sens d'un nom : a white cat = un chat blanc.| Les
couleurs
sont souvent exprimées par des adjectifs : |
anglais | black | grey uk / gray us | white | blue | green | yellow | orange | red |
purple | pink | brown |
| français | noir | gris | blanc | bleu | vert | jaune | orange | rouge |
violet, pourpre | rose | brun |
| anglais | good | new | young | big | great | tall | long | high | hard | strong | Plus de détail ici |
| français | bon | nouveau | jeune | gros, grand | grand, haut | long | haut | dur | fort | ||
| anglais | bad | old | little / small | short | low | soft | weak | ||||
| français | mauvais | vieux | petit | court | bas | doux, mou | faible | ||||
| les morts = the dead | les malades = the sick | les aveugles = the blind | les sourds = the deaf |
| les riches = the rich | les pauvres = the poor | les vieux = the old | les jeunes = the young |
| les Anglais = the English | les Français = the French | les Britanniques = the British | les Irlandais = the
Irish |
| Certains adjectifs, beaucoup commençant par la lettre 'a', ne s'utilisent que lorsqu'ils sont attributs, placés après un verbe d'état, comme be, seem, look, ... | Pour exprimer la même idée en position d'épithète, avant un nom, il faut utiliser un adjectif équivalent (qui peut généralement aussi être attribut). | |
| afraid | This soldier is afraid . = Ce soldat a peur. | This is a frightened soldier. = C'est un soldat effrayé. |
| alive | These animals seem alive. = Ces animaux semblent vivants. | They are living animals. = Ce sont des animaux vivants. |
| alone | He feels alone. = Il se sent seul. | He is seen as a solitary/lonely person. = Il est considéré comme une personne solitaire. |
| asleep | The children were asleep. = Les enfants étaient assoupis/endormis. | They didn't see the sleeping children. = Ils n'ont pas vu les enfants assoupis/endormis. |
| aware | The patient is now aware. = Le patient est maintenant conscient. | The conscious patient was evacuated. = Le patient conscient fut évacué. |
| glad | He is glad to see her. = Il est heureux de la voir. | He is a happy man. = C'est un homme heureux. |
| ill | This student is ill. = Cet étudiant est malade. | A sick student cannot learn well. = Un étudiant malade ne peut pas bien apprendre. |
| lent = slow
>
slowly = lentement rapide = quick > quickly = rapidement tard = late > lately = récemment mauvais = bad > badly = mal immédiat = immediate > immediately = immédiatement |
réel = real
>
really (1) =
réellement utile = useful > usefully (1) = utilement joli = pretty > prettily (2) = joliment probable = probable > probably (3) = probablement tragique = tragic > tragically (4) = joliment |
| (Ces
adverbes correspondent souvent en français à des adverbes issus d'adjectifs auxquels on a ajouté le suffixe -ment. Exercice |
(1) Attention
à bien écrire 2 "l" lorsque l'adjectif se
termine déjà par
un
"l". (2) Le "y" final précédé d'une consonne se transforme en "i". (3) La terminaison "-le" se transforme en "-ly". (4) Les adjectifs, qu'ils se terminent en -ic ou en -ical, forment leur adverbe en -ically |
| Beaucoup
d'adjectifs se
transforment en adverbes
par l'ajout
du suffixe -ly: lent = slow > slowly = lentement rapide = quick > quickly = rapidement late = tard > lately = récemment mauvais = bad > badly = mal réel = real > really* = réellement habituel = usual > usually* = habituellement joli = pretty > prettily = joliment probable = probable > probably = probablement beau = beautiful > beautifully* = joliment *Attention à bien écrire 2 "l" lorsque l'adjectif se termine déjà par un "l". Exercice |
Attention
à ne pas
confondre avec des adjectifs qui
se terminent en
"-ly",
souvent
formés à partir d'un nom, comme friendly
(amical), lovely (adorable),
costly
(coûteux), deadly
(mortel), lively
(animé), silly (stupide), timely (qui arrive
au bon moment), bodily (corporel), curly (bouclé), lonely
(solitaire), elderly
(âgé), likely
(probable), chilly
(froid), cowardly
(peureux), disorderly
(chahuteur), homely
(casanier), manly
(viril), womanly
(féminin), motherly
(maternel), brotherly
(fraternel), deathly
(cadavérique), ... Pour les transformer en adverbes, il faudra utiliser le modèle : in a friendly way = amicalement, ... Certains de ces adjectifs s'utilisent aussi comme adverbes : early (tôt) : the early bird catches the early worm = l'oiseau qui se lève tôt attrape le vers qui se lève tôt (le monde appartient à ceux qui se lèvent tôt) / He wakes up early = il se réveille tôt. only = seul(ement) / daily = quotidien(nement) / weekly = hebdomadaire(ment) / monthly = mensuel(lement) / quarterly = trimestriel(lement) / yearly = annuel(lement) / hourly = horaire (à chaque heure) |
| -y: dirty = sale | easy (facile) / (un)happy ((mal)heureux) / sorry (désolé) / ready (prêt) / heavy (lourd) / tiny (minuscule) / empty (vide) / bloody (sanglant) / busy (occupé) / funny (drôle) / guilty (coupable) / angry (en colère) / lucky (chanceux) / healthy (sain) / pretty (joli) / dirty (sale) / steady (stable) / hungry (affamé) / nasty (méchant) / crazy (cinglé) / wealthy (fortuné) / worthy (de valeur) / lengthy (long) / noisy (bruyant) / holy (saint) / lazy (paresseux) / naughty (méchant) / silly (stupide) / thirsty (assoiffé) / (un)tidy (en (dés)ordre) / ugly (laid) / merry (heureux) / sandy (sableux) / meaty (substantiel) / creamy (crèmeux) / hairy (poilu) / filthy (crasseux) / comfy (confortable) / ... |
| -al: seasonal = saisonnier | local / social / (inter)national / general / real / central / special / personal / financial / royal / natural / individual / (il)legal / final / normal / total / industrial / original / professional / traditional / essential / environmental / annual / commercial / regional / practical / official / additional / sexual / actual / internal / potential / cultural / formal / (un)usual / rural / initial / substantial / equal / educational / mental / liberal / moral / vital / external / typical / ideal / eventual / fundamental / crucial / criminal / intellectual / agricultural / principal / conventional / federal / radical / global / emotional / visual / constitutional / residential / musical / structural / occasional / universal / medieval / judicial / imperial / informal / experimental / spiritual / rational / logical / mutual / marginal / electoral / presidential / controversial / oral / artificial / institutional / functional / digital / influential / casual / tropical / partial / vertical / horizontal / |
| -ic(al): economic(al) = économique | public / specific / basic / automatic / symbolic / scientific / dramatic / tragic / demographic / athletic / domestic / democratic / strategic / realistic / organic / romantic / Celtic / Arabic // economic(al) / historic(al) / classic(al) / electric(al) / comic(al) // typical / physical / political / practical / technical / cynical / medical / critical / radical / chemical / theoretical / clinical / psychological / identical / statistical / mechanical / biological / ideological / technological / geographical / philosophical / mathematical / ethical / |
| -(i)ous: dangerous = dangereux | various / serious / previous / obvious / religious / famous / dangerous / enormous / numerous / anxious / nervous / (un)conscious / continuous / generous / curious / tremendous / ridiculous / marvellous / precious / ambitious / suspicious / mysterious / furious / anonymous / cautious / disastrous / delicious / autonomous / glorious / spontaneous / |
| -ant: important = important | (in)significant / (ir)relevant / constant / brilliant / (pre)dominant / distant / (un)pleasant / pregnant / reluctant / giant / (in)elegant / assistant / redundant / instant / protestant / |
| -ate: private = privé | (in)appropriate / separate / immediate / corporate / (in)adequate / (in)accurate / desperate / ultimate / delicate / (un)fortunate / (il)legitimate / moderate / elaborate / deliberate / intermediate / intimate / aggregate / |
| -able: comfortable = confortable | available / considerable / reasonable / suitable / valuable / (un)acceptable / remarkable / inevitable / vulnerable / reliable / desirable / comparable / payable / notable / favourable / applicable / profitable / variable / respectable / probable / miserable / fashionable / formidable / probable / [that can be Ved] / fashionable / peaceable / seasonable / |
| -ible: possible = possible | impossible / responsible / (in)visible / sensible / flexible / horrible / accessible / elligible / incredible / compatible / accessible / audible / visible / -uble: soluble |
| -ive: effective = efficace | positive / negative / active / passive / sensitive / conservative / expensive / attractive / alternative / massive / extensive / relative / competitive / administrative / comprehensive / impressive / creative / native / collective / distinctive / exclusive / aggressive / legislative / successive / intensive / excessive / progressive / objective / subjective / primitive / representative / comparative / productive / prospective / selective / protective / defensive / decisive / respective / cognitive / imaginative / innovative / talkative / secretive |
| -ent: different = différent | different / recent / present / current / independent / excellent / sufficient / apparent / ancient / permanent / subsequent / efficient / silent / dependent / confident / consistent / violent / evident / equivalent / frequent / prominent / urgent / innocent / magnificent / convenient / intelligent / decent / content / absent / patient / insufficient / inherent / persistent / competent / resident / coherent / adjacent / |
| -an: human = humain | urban / Christian / Roman / Victorian / metropolitan / civilian / European / African / American / Asian / German / Italian / Australian / Canadian / Russian / Indian / Austrian / Belgian / Brazilian / Cambodian / Chilean / Egyptian / Hungarian / Indonesian / Iranian / Lybian / Malaysian / Moroccan / Mexican / Norwegian / Scandinavian / Afghan / Algerian / |
| -ar; particular = particulier | similar / popular / nuclear / regular / familiar / spectacular / peculiar / molecular / linear / circular / solar / polar |
| -ary [əri]: necessary = nécessaire | necessary / military / primary / ordinary / contemporary / secondary / parliamentary / voluntary / temporary / literary / extraordinary / summary / monetary / revolutionary / preliminary / contrary / subsidiary / arbitrary / evolutionary / disciplinary / |
| -ory [əri]: satisfactory = satisfaisant | satisfactory / compulsory / statutory /advisory / regulatory / accusatory / |
| - ful: useful = utile | successful / beautiful / powerful / careful / wonderful / helpful / awful / grateful / painful / peaceful / dreadful / doubtful / cheerful / colourful / delightful / faithful / meaningful / pitiful / forgetful / harmful / bashful / blissful / blameful / deceitful / disdainful / disgraceful / (dis)respectful / dutiful / eventful / joyful / lawful / mindful / merciful / playful / plentiful / |
| -less: useless = inutile | endless / homeless / jobless / powerless / careless / helpless / painless / doubtless / colourless / faithless / meaningless / pitiless / restless / harmless / childless / blameless / merciless / |
| -ish: greyish = grisâtre | foolish
/ childish / bluish / blackish / greenish / darkish / reddish-blue / /
peckish / a waspish tongue / a coldish wind / shortish / tallish /
sillyish / narrowish / brightish / goodish / see you at about
eightish’, ‘She’s thirty-ish’/ elevenish, forty-five-ish, 1932-ish //
stylish / boyish / ticklish / foppish (de dandy) / bookish /
monkeyish / roguish / snobbish / mannish / womanish / British / English / Scottish / Irish / Spanish / Danish / Swedish / Finnish / Polish / Turkish / Cornish / |
| -en: golden = doré | wooden / earthen / silken / woolen / waxen / |
| -some: burdensome = pesant | bothersome (ennuyeux) / handsome (beau) / tiresome (usant) / wholesome (sain) / fulsome (excessif) / toilsome (exténuant) / lissome (agile) / lonesome (solitaire) / gruesome (horrible) / wearisome (fatigant) / winsome (avenant) / fearsome (redoutable) / awesome (épatant) / irksome (agaçant) / noisome (nocif) / frolicsome (enjoué) / quarrelsome (querelleur) / troublesome (pénible) / |
| -worthy: | praiseworthy (digne d'éloge) / trustworthy (digne de confiance) / roadworthy (en état de rouler) / seaworthy (en état de naviguer) / airworthy (en état de voler) / newsworthy (qui mérite de faire l'actualité) / noteworthy (remarquable) / blameworthy (fautif) / creditworthy (solvable) / crashworthy (capable de résister à un choc) / |