Anglais > Grammaire > Verbes > Opérations > affirmation - Négation - interrogation - interronégation - emphatique
Sommaire : forme complète - forme contractée - "ne plus" - autres mots négatifs - autres emplois - passif -
La négation se forme en ajoutant le mot not /nɒt/ à l'auxiliaire, lequel varie selon le temps ou le modal employé. Ainsi apparaît do au Simple present et did au Simple past :
Forme négative - voix active - forme complète - Verbe work = travailler : I do not work = je ne travaille pas
| WORK | Simple | Perfect | ||
| PRESENT | Simple present | Present Be + Ving | Present perfect | Present perfect Be + Ving |
| I do not work | I am not working | I have not worked | I have not been working | |
| you do not work | you are not working | you have not worked | you have not been working | |
| he does not work | he is not working | he has not worked | he has not been working | |
| we do not work | we are not working | we have not worked | we have not been working | |
| you do not work | you are not working | you have not worked | you have not been working | |
| they do not work | they are not working | they have not worked | they have not been working | |
| Exercice | Exercice | Exercice | Exercice | |
| PAST |
Simple past | Past Be + Ving | Past perfect | Past perfect Be + Ving |
| I did not work | I was not working | I had not worked | I had not been working | |
| you did not work | you were not working | you had not worked | you had not been working | |
| he did not work | he was not working | he had not worked | he had not been working | |
| we did not work | we were not working | we had not worked | we had not been working | |
| you did not work | you were not working | you had not worked | you had not been working | |
| they did not work | they were not working | they had not worked | they had not been working | |
| Exercice | Exercice | Exercice | Exercice | |
not s'ajoute aussi aux auxiliaires modaux :
| Modals | Formes du présent | will not | may not | cannot | shall not | must not |
| Formes du passé | would not | might not | could not | should not |
Forme contractée : Not peut se contracter en n't, surtout à l'oral. Avec les auxiliaires, cela donne les formes suivantes :
| Present | Past | |||
| 3° p singulier | pluriel | singulier | pluriel | |
| BE | isn't /ˈɪzənt/ | aren't /ɑːnt/ | wasn't /ˈwɒzənt/ | weren't /w3ːnt/ |
| HAVE | hasn't /ˈhæzənt/ | haven't /ˈhævənt/ | hadn't /ˈhædənt/ | |
| DO | doesn't /ˈdʌzənt/ | don't /dəʊnt/ | didn't /ˈdɪdənt/ | |
Forme négative - voix active - forme contractée - Verbe work = travailler : I don't work = je ne travaille pas
| WORK | Simple | Perfect | ||
| PRESENT | Simple present | Present Be + Ving | Present perfect | Present perfect Be + Ving |
| I don't work | I'm not working | I haven't worked | I haven't been working | |
| you don't work | you aren't working | you haven't worked | you haven't been working | |
| he doesn't work | he isn't working | he hasn't worked | he hasn't been working | |
| we don't work | we aren't working | we haven't worked | we haven't been working | |
| you don't work | you aren't working | you haven't worked | you haven't been working | |
| they don't work | they aren't working | they haven't worked | they haven't been working | |
| Exercice | Exercice | Exercice | Exercice | |
| PAST |
Simple past | Past Be + Ving | Past perfect | Past perfect Be + Ving |
| I didn't work | I wasn't working | I hadn't worked | I hadn't been working | |
| you didn't work | you weren't working | you hadn't worked | you hadn't been working | |
| he didn't work | he wasn't working | he hadn't worked | he hadn't been working | |
| we didn't work | we weren't working | we hadn't worked | we hadn't been working | |
| you didn't work | you weren't working | you hadn't worked | you hadn't been working | |
| they didn't work | they weren't working | they hadn't worked | they hadn't been working | |
| Exercice | Exercice | Exercice | Exercice | |
Il en est de même pour les auxiliaires modaux :
| Modals | Formes du présent | won't /wəʊnt/ | mayn't (très rare) | can't /kɑːnt/ | shan't /ʃɑːnt/ | mustn't /ˈmʌsnt/ |
| Formes du passé | wouldn't /ˈwʊdnt/ | mightn't /ˈmaɪtnt/ | couldn't /ˈkʊdnt/ | shouldn't /ˈʃʊdnt/ |
Traduction
de "ne ... plus" :
Sens quantitatif : not ... any
more / no more +
matière quantifiable
We don't
need any more money.
= Nous n'avons plus besoin d'argent. (We
don't need any more
= nous n'en avons plus besoin.)
There's no more water.
= Il n'y a plus d'eau. (There's
no more.
= Il n'y en a plus.)
Attention à ne pas utiliser not/n't
avec no,
la double négation étant considérée comme incorrecte en anglais, même
si on la trouve dans un parler familier.
Voir l'utilisation de some / any / no
.
Sens temporel : not any longer / no longer
We don't
need you any longer. / We no longer need you.
= Nous n'avons plus besoin de toi.
On peut aussi utiliser not ... any
more en anglais familier : We don't
need you any more. (mais
pas no
more pour un sens temporel).
Dans ces deux sens, la forme avec any tend à être plus familière et la forme avec no plus formelle.
| Exercice | haut de page |
Autres
emplois : outre
not,
d'autres mots ont une valeur négative :
Certains
sont dérivés de formes affirmatives :
| formes affirmatives | formes négatives | ||||
| ever | [ˈɛvəʳ] | never | [ˈnɛvəʳ] | ever = jamais > never = ne ... jamais | |
| either | [ˈaɪðəʳ] | neither | [ˈnaɪðəʳ] | prononciation plus britannique | either
... or ... = soit ... soit ... (voir aussi 'both') neither ... nor ... = ni ... ni ... (pour "moi non plus", voici ci-dessous) |
| [ˈiːðəʳ] | [ˈniːðəʳ] | prononciation plus américaine | |||
| or | [əʳ] | nor | [nəʳ] | prononciation non accentuée | |
| [ˈɔːʳ] | [ˈnɔːʳ] | prononciation accentuée | |||
No et ses composés de body,
one,
thing et where
:
| formes affirmatives | formes négatives | ||
| some water [ˈsʌm] | de l'eau | no water [ˈnəʊ] | pas d'eau |
| somebody [ˈsʌmbədi] | quelqu'un | nobody [ˈnəʊbədi] | personne |
| someone [ˈsʌmwʌn] | no one [ˈnəʊwʌn] | ||
| something [ˈsʌmθɪŋ] | quelque chose | nothing [ˈnʌθɪŋ] | rien |
| somewhere [ˈsʌmwɛəʳ] | quelque part | nowhere [ˈnəʊwɛəʳ] | nulle part |
Les adverbes : hardly / scarcely / barely = à peine : He hardly works. = Il travaille à peine. (A bien différencier de : He works hard. = Il travaille dur.)
rarely / seldom = rarement : I have rarely seen him work. = Je l'ai rarement vu travailler.
few, little = peu de
La négation
est
particulièrement utilisée pour
les question-tags
: He is rich, isn't he?
= Il est riche, n'est-ce pas ?
les réponses
courtes : 'Are
you ready?' 'I'm not.' = "Es-tu prêt ?" "Non."
les réponses
interrogatives : 'Jane
isn't rich.' 'Isn't she?' = "Jane n'est pas riche." "Ah
bon ?"
la traduction de
"moi aussi" / "moi non plus" - "moi si" / "moi non" :
| réponse à une phrase affirmative | réponse à une phrase négative | |
| confirmation | - J'aime ce film. - Moi aussi. | - Je n'aime pas ce film - Moi non plus. |
| 'I like this film' 'So do I.' | 'I don't like this film.' 'Neither do I.' | |
| contradiction | - J'aime ce film. - Moi non. | - Je n'aime pas ce film - Moi si. |
| 'I like this film' 'I don't.' | 'I don't like this film.' 'I do.' |
| Forme négative - voix passive - Verbe call = appeler : I am not called = je ne suis pas appelé | haut de page |
| Simple Present | Present Perfect | Present Be + ing |
| I am not called | I have not been called | I am not being called |
| he is not called | he has not been called | he is not being called |
| we are not called | we have not been called | we are not being called |
| you are not called | you have not been called | you are not being called |
| they are not called | they have not been called | they are not being called |
| Simple Past | Past Perfect | Past Be + ing |
| I was not called | I had not been called | I was not being called |
| he was not called | he had not been called | he was not being called |
| we were not called | we had not been called | we were not being called |
| you were not called | you had not been called | you were not being called |
| they were not called | they had not been called | they were not being called |